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At IRASS Publisher, our mission is to empower authors and researchers by providing a platform for their unique perspectives. We believe in fostering creativity and promoting voices that reflect the richness of human experience.
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We envision a world where diverse stories and groundbreaking research thrive, enriching the literary and academic landscape. We aim to be a leading publisher recognized for our commitment to quality, innovation, and inclusivity.
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IRASS Publisher commits to providing open access to all its published content. Our policy ensures that research articles are freely accessible to the public without subscription fees. Authors retain copyright while allowing unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. By removing access barriers, IRASS aims to foster a more inclusive and collaborative scientific community.
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Latest Article
Strategic Interventions and Outcomes in Livestock Production and Marke...
0

Ekiru Francis Anno*
Unicaf University (UUM), School of Doctoral Studies, Lilongwe, Malawi
96-105
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21060872

Livestock production remains the cornerstone of pastoral livelihoods and economic development across the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) of Sub-Saharan Africa. This study employed a systematic literature review to examine livestock production systems, marketing practices, and development interventions within pastoral and agro-pastoral areas, with particular relevance to Kenya and the Horn of Africa. The review synthesized evidence on pastoral production systems, animal husbandry, nutrition and feed management, genetic improvement, livestock value chains, leather industry development, rangeland management, ecosystem conservation, and climate change adaptation. The findings indicate that livestock contributes significantly to household incomes, food security, employment, and national economies, while also serving important social and cultural functions within pastoral communities. However, the sector faces persistent challenges including recurrent droughts, climate change, rangeland degradation, feed shortages, livestock diseases, weak market integration, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to production support services. The review further highlights the growing transition from subsistence-oriented pastoralism toward market-oriented livestock production, particularly in areas with stronger links to urban markets. Evidence from the reviewed studies demonstrates that sustainable livestock development requires integrated interventions encompassing improved animal husbandry, enhanced feed and fodder systems, genetic improvement, sustainable rangeland management, value addition, and strengthened market systems. Climate-smart livestock production, ecosystem-based resource management, and gender-inclusive approaches were identified as critical components for building resilience among pastoral communities. The study also underscores the untapped potential of livestock value chains, particularly leather processing and other value addition enterprises, in generating income and promoting economic growth. The study concludes that achieving sustainable pastoral development requires balancing livestock productivity, market integration, and environmental sustainability. Strengthened policy support, increased investment, institutional coordination, and community participation are essential for enhancing resilience, improving livelihoods, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of pastoral livestock systems in Kenya and other dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa.
International Financial Sanctions and Its Implications for tit Stabili...
1

Suad Jawad kadhim*
Economics Department College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
87-95
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21056071

One of the most significant incidents that created considerable disagreement about the future of the international financial system is the investigation of the state of Russian assets blocked during 2022 after sanctions finance international order critical worldwide from stability on implications study to purposes research Tit International finance limitations use instruments in study of goals political and geopolitics. It concentrates mainly on legal economic analytical foundations Based on her western countries in freezing assets Russian examination antiquities resulting on this is fantastic procedures in level trust Internationalised in institutions Global Finance and Markets Cash Study what it means for status currency No reserve tit dollar and euro dollar American dollar President. As good it does Search impact this is wonderful progress in trends few countries about diversification Its depletion of foreign reserves and What is known in framework accreditation in Tit dollar It was implemented in directions elimination dollarization, with research bezel capability this is astonishing trends on events transformation substantial in structure order critical Global. Title approach research descriptive analytical curriculum file assets during monitor developments search condition from Russian frozen analytical data and Institutions finance reports Economic tit link and international organisations' tit connection. search to that freezing assets Russian appearance precedent tit antiquities strategy far away tit range, and contributed in strengthening concerns it have some countries about security assets sovereignty tit retainer in it in centers finance western, tit matter that to push number from it to reevaluation policies administration reserves foreign and with that, it indicates results to that continuation dominance dollar and currencies western what zeal supported factors economic and institutional and structure strong, which makes any transformation radical in order critical global practical gradual and complex not a result directly for sanctions finance alone.
Factors Influencing the Functioning of Health Research Ethics Committe...
1

Saba’atu Elizabeth Danladi*1, Olugbenga Oguntunde2, Dr. Aminu Magashi Garba3
1*-2-3Public Health Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria
29-33
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21027118

The need for research to conform to recognized ethical standards while the dignity, rights, safety and welfare of vulnerable individual are protected necessitates the adequate functioning Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC). This study therefore investigated the factors influencing the work of HREC in Bauchi and Sokoto States, Nigeria. The study is a cross sectional survey of ethics committee members between 2014 to 2015. In dept interview were separately conducted for each of the six active HRECs members recruited from each state in this study. Prior to the conduct of the interview, informed consent and appointment for the face to face interview were earlier sought and granted by the respondents. Respondents admitted that there was no oversight function in the role of HREC to review and approve the research protocols. The ethical protocols take between two weeks to a month before approval. Although, members of committee showed record of good attendance but their performance was rated average while the quarterly scheduled meeting has not been consistent. More so, there has not been any rotation of the members of committee since the inception of the body. However, all the respondents agreed that they have been receiving quality training mostly sponsored by TSHIP. Despite non-financial gains respondents offered voluntary services. The challenges commonly encountered by the HREC committee includes non-availability of an office, office equipment and stationeries, challenges in the monitoring of research work and lack of budgetary allocation for the committee for refreshment during meetings. Operations of HREC committees in Bauchi and Sokoto States have enhanced the research activities in the states. However, inclusion of more academicians as reviewers and support of state governments is very essential for the improved performances of the committees.
Community Participation in Development Planning and Implementation in...
1

Mohamed Kaifala Jimmy*1, Morrison Kenie Lahai2
1*M Pil Candidate, Institute of Geography and Development Studies, School of Enviromental Sciences, Njala University, 2School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University
104-114
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21026269

Community participation in decisions that have to do with planning and the implementation of development projects in Sierra Leone has been neglected for far too long; and more studies have ascertained the veracity or fact regarding this. This study was undertaken to investigate and have a detail assessment of community participation in development planning and implementations in rural communities in Sierra Leone. The objectives of the study were the examining of the knowledge of the rural people about decentralization on the one hand, investigating their participation in decision process towards development. Data were collected from 400 respondents selected purposive and systematic random sampling techniques using a structured questionnaire to collect data from households and semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from key informants. Data was analysed using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) and correlation using regression. (Carefully arrange these sentences) Result indicated that there was not much knowledge about decentralisation owing to the little or less participation of the people and their service providers in decision-making regarding development but also the non-engagement; and which has inevitably resulted in severe socio-economic deprival- particularly in the context of basic services in the rural communities.
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