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At IRASS Publisher, our mission is to empower authors and researchers by providing a platform for their unique perspectives. We believe in fostering creativity and promoting voices that reflect the richness of human experience.
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We envision a world where diverse stories and groundbreaking research thrive, enriching the literary and academic landscape. We aim to be a leading publisher recognized for our commitment to quality, innovation, and inclusivity.
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IRASS Publisher commits to providing open access to all its published content. Our policy ensures that research articles are freely accessible to the public without subscription fees. Authors retain copyright while allowing unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. By removing access barriers, IRASS aims to foster a more inclusive and collaborative scientific community.
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Latest Article
THE CIVIL SERVICE IN NIGERIA; EVOLUTION AND CHALLENGES, WRITTEN BY CHI...
4

Chukwu, Ifeoma Florence*
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja
32-46

RISK, UNCERTAINTY, SUBJECTIVE RISK AND ATTITUDE TO RISK: A COMPREHENSI...
0

Fauziyya Hassan*, Dr. Tyodzer...
Department of Public Administration, Falculty Management Science, Veritas University, Abuja
23-31
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20340760

This study sought to investigate Risk, Uncertainty, Subjective Risk and Attitude to Risk: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Management of Projects in Nigeria and it is narrowed down to public sector projects. Public sector projects in Nigeria play a critical role in national development, infrastructure expansion, poverty reduction, and socio-economic transformation. However, these, delays, abandonment, corruption risks, political interference, policy Inconsistency and uncertainty arising from economic volatility. These challenges are the concepts of risk, uncertainty, subjective perception of risk, and institutional attitude toward risk management. While risk is often measurable and manageable through structured frameworks, uncertainty represents unknown variables that complicate forecasting and planning. In the Nigerian public sector context, risk management practices remain inconsistent, reactive, and insufficiently institutionalized. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and analytical examination of risk and uncertainty in public sector project management in Nigeria. It explores the distinction between objective and subjective risk, analyzes institutional and managerial attitudes toward risk, and evaluates the effectiveness of existing risk management practices. Using documentary research design and secondary data from academic literature, policy documents, and empirical studies, the paper identifies structural weaknesses in governance, planning, implementation, and monitoring mechanisms. It further argues that subjective risk perception, influenced by political, cultural, and administrative factors, significantly shapes project outcomes. The study integrates contemporary risk management theory with public administration practice in Nigeria and highlights the relevance of strategic planning, monitoring, and verification systems in mitigating project risk. Findings indicate that inadequate risk assessment frameworks, weak institutional accountability, and poor implementation culture contribute to project failure. The study concludes with recommendations for institutionalizing proactive risk management systems, strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing professional capacity, and integrating data-driven decision-making into public project management processes.
AN ASSESSMENT 0F PUBLIC FINANCIAL- MANAGEMENT REFORMS IN NIGERIA
3

Eosma, Lequome Eson*
Department on Public Administration, Veritas University, Abuja
48-54

This study examined the politics of Budget implementation in Nigeria using the Analysis of constituency projects from 2022 to 2024 as a case study. The main objective of the study has to analyse constituency projects in Nigeria for 2022-2024 The study made use of mostly secondary data drawn from various sources. The study found out that constituency projects issue came into public in Nigeria during president Olusegun Obasanjo Administration, 1999-2007, being that most Nigerians do not understand the actual functions of the national Assembly. The study recommendations include amongst others that for the legislature to play their representative functions effectively, especially in the delivery of democratic dividend to the people; there is a need for them to ensure that constituent’s party projects are recovered. Also, those constituents should be carried along in the selection implementation and management of projects to ensure that the fuel of legislature is effective.
EVOLUTION OF MENSTRUATION IN INDIA: A STUDY
0

Jammala Janaki*, Dr. D. Ramesh
Research Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Andhra University
23-26
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20328445

Menstruation in India is marked by the historical and Socio-cultural transitions that have shaped the current practices. In early India, menstruation was deeply connected with spiritual, cultural, and natural cycles, often revered and celebrated in many communities. Ancient Indian societies saw menstruation not as a taboo, they saw it as a sacred biological process linked to fertility, creation, and the divine feminine. Menstrual blood was sometimes offered to goddesses, and menstruating women were treated with respect, symbolizing the powerful life-giving capacity of femininity. However, alongside reverence, menstrual taboos also emerged early on, often linked to myths and cultural beliefs. For instance, some mythologies of Hindu culture, including narratives from the Rig Veda, explain menstruation as a form of divine punishment or repentance, which laid the groundwork for associating menstruation with impurity and social restrictions. In many communities, menstruating women were isolated for practical reasons related to privacy and health. Overall, menstruation in early India was marked by a complex blend of sacred celebration, mythological interpretation, early medical understanding and protective social practices, reflecting a nuanced view of this fundamental biological process as integral to life, nature, and culture. Menstruation during the colonial period in India was shaped by a complex interplay between indigenous cultural attitudes and the imposition of British colonial norms, resulting in intensified taboos, myths, and gradual shifts in practices around menstrual health and celebration. During colonial times, these myths led to prohibitions against women entering kitchens, prayer rooms, or participating in rituals. After the colonial period menstruation practices in India underwent significant changes, influenced by social reforms, continued taboos, and increased medical awareness. Menstruation in the contemporary period in India remains a complex health, social, and cultural issue, marked by gradual improvements in awareness and hygiene, but also enduring taboos and access disparities.
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