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Latest Article
Corporate Social Responsibility and Balance Scorecard of Manufacturing...
0

Christiana Sunday Asangusung*
Department of Accounting, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.(M.Sc)
1-36
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJMS.v3.i8.0181

The goal of the study was to examine the effect of Corporate social responsibility on corporate performance of manufacturing firms from Balanced scorecard perspective. The study used data from financial statements of firms listed on the Nigeria stock exchange for the period 2005 to 2024. Hausman test, Multiple Regression and various diagnostic tests were conducted on data set. Result indicates that while the various CSR strategies matter for corporate performance, their effects differ depending on the measure of performance considered. Social, economic and environmental costs all have significant effects on Returns on Assets and Net profit Margin, the effect of social cost is however positive while that of economic cost is negative. Thus, a mutually exclusive outcome of the social and economic costs exists on corporate performance of the firms. All independent variables exert significant impacts on internal efficiency; while social cost had significant negative effect, the effect of economic costs is positive demonstrating a mutual exclusive effect. Also, SOC, ECC and ENV exert significant and positive effects on growth thus demonstrating complementary effect All CSR variables have significant effects on customer loyalty although the effects are mutually exclusive. The findings of the research highlight the effect of economic and social costs could be mutually exclusive or complementary depending on the yardstick of measurement. MPS improves for firms that engage in social CSR initiatives, but not for firms that engage in economic cost CSR initiative. The study also provided evidence that it is economic costs that improves internal efficiency in terms of overall resource use by manufacturing firms in Nigeria. This outcome therefore presents a dilemma to managers who want to improve both financial performance and internal efficiency simultaneously. We recommend CSR should therefore be considered as a strategic adaptation rather than a deliberate manipulation strategy of management in order to drive long term performance, especially in relation to the market performance of firms. Social and economic Strategy of CSR are complements in terms of market performance of firms. Thus, firms that seek to improve their market performance do not need to overemphasize the need to engage in social CSR in order to influence investors’ decisions. These firms can as well employ economic strategy to generate the same outcome. Economic CSR strategy improves customer loyalty. We recommend managers should improve production in order to improve their positions before customers. Results reveal that customer loyalty favors firms with heightened economic activity necessitating minimization of social costs over time.
Analysis of the Prevalence of Socio-Economic Determinants and Risky Be...
1

Mbone Toukaba Ines Pascale*1, Pr. Sokeng Dongmo Celestin2
1*-2Higher Institute of Science, Technology, Management and Sustainable Development, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 391 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
14-24

Background: Non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), represent the leading cause of global mortality, with an accelerating burden across sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol consumption are escalating, driven by rapid urbanization and dietary transitions. This study aimed to estimate the hospital prevalence of CVDs, examine the associated socio-economic and behavioural prognostic factors, and analyse current management modalities at the Sector Number 5 Military Health Centre in Ngaoundéré, Adamaoua Region. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 21 years and older attending cardiological and general consultations. Data collection utilized a contextualised survey instrument adapted from standard cardiovascular surveillance protocols to capture socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours (alcohol consumption, tobacco use, physical activity), and blood pressure monitoring history. Clinical measurements included electronic blood pressure and fasting capillary blood glucose assessments. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were planned to identify independent prognostic factors associated with the presence of cardiovascular pathology. Results: Of the 207 eligible individuals approached, 183 completed the study, yielding a response rate of 88.4%. Discrepancies within the raw dataset regarding gender distribution, age cohorts, and occupational status necessitate rigorous re-evaluation before finalizing demographic proportions. Preliminary analysis indicates a high prevalence of modifiable risk behaviours, including regular alcohol consumption (39.9%) and physical inactivity (66.7%). Only a marginal minority of participants reported undergoing routine blood pressure screening in the preceding 12 months. A critical statistical anomaly, quasi-complete separation, was identified in the initial multivariable logistic regression matrix, rendering the currently calculated adjusted odds ratios for gender and lifestyle factors mathematically degenerate and necessitating model re-fitting via penalised likelihood estimation. Conclusion: Preliminary descriptive findings suggest a high hospital-based burden of cardiovascular diseases and prominent lifestyle risk factors within this combined military and civilian cohort. Robust statistical re-analysis, utilizing exact or penalised regression methods, is required alongside raw data reconciliation to confirm the true epidemiological associations. Interventions targeting early opportunistic screening and aggressive lifestyle modifications remain an urgent public health priority for this demographic.
Determinants of Fertility, Child Marriage, and Family Planning Use amo...
4

Victoria Nancy Blango*1, Herbert Borbor Sama Kandeh1
1*Institute of Geography and Development Studies, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, PMB, Freetown, Sierra Leone
44-51
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJAHSS.v3.i7.0258

Background: Sierra Leone has one of the highest fertility rates in West Africa (TFR=4.2). Understanding fertility determinants in urban settings is essential for targeted programming. This study examined demographic, educational, religious, marital, household, and socioeconomic factors associated with fertility and family planning (FP) use among married women in Bo City, Sierra Leone, with comparisons to other West African countries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,500 married women aged 15-49 years in Bo City (February 2025). Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and binary logistic regression were employed. Outcomes included children ever born (CEB), age-specific fertility rate (ASFR), total fertility rate (TFR), contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), unmet need, desired children, child marriage, polygamy, and household arrangement. Comparisons were made with Demographic and Health Survey data from Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, and Guinea. Results: Mean CEB was 2.16, mean desired children was 4.03, yielding a desired–achieved gap of 1.87 children. TFR was 4.67. Overall CPR was 61.6%, the highest in West Africa. Child marriage (18%) and polygamy (14.3%) were the lowest in West Africa. Female secondary+ enrollment (71%) was the highest in West Africa. Muslim women had higher fertility (CEB: 2.33 vs 1.96) and lower CPR (57.0% vs 68.0%) than Christian women. Adolescent fertility (125 per 1,000) was among the highest in West Africa. In adjusted analyses, bank access (AOR=1.85), healthcare decision-making autonomy (spouse alone vs self alone: AOR=0.31), and media access (AOR=1.21 per media type) were the strongest independent predictors of FP use. Conclusions: Bo City presents a paradoxical profile: the highest CPR, lowest child marriage, and highest female education in West Africa, yet TFR remains elevated (4.7), and adolescent fertility is among the region's worst. This suggests that high CPR is recent and adolescents are being left behind. Faith-based engagement, school-based sexuality education, and youth-friendly services are urgently needed.
Artificial Intelligence and People Analytics in Human Resource Decisio...
6

Nancy Ayongo Odoi Opong*1, Kingsley Kumi Yeboah2, Joseph Manasseh Opong3, Enoch Kwablah Teye4
1*-2-3-4Presbyterian University, Ghana, P.O. Box 59. Abetifi-Kwahu
37-44
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJMS.v3.i7.0180

A new era for human resources is beginning, driven by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and people analytics to inform human resources (HR) decisions. This report presents an integrated, multi-disciplinary review of the current state-of-the-art of using AI and people analytics in HR, based upon established theoretical models from information systems, organizational behavior, ethics, etc. The report describes how traditional descriptive HR metrics have evolved to predictive and prescriptive HR analytics through the application of machine learning, natural language processing and algorithmic decision systems. In addition to providing examples of AI/people analytics applications throughout recruitment, performance management, retention, workforce planning and employee wellbeing, the report also assesses both the positive impacts of AI/people analytics to enable HR decisions to be made more quickly, efficiently and strategically; as well as the significant negative implications of adopting these technologies - i.e. Algorithmic bias, erosion of employee privacy, distrust of employees toward HR systems, deskilling of HR professionals. Additionally, this report reviews ethical and legal frameworks related to fairness, accountability, transparency and the General Data Protection Regulation. Based on a synthesis of recent empirical and conceptual scholarship (2015 – 2025), the report argues that although AI and people analytics represent unparalleled opportunities for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of HR decisions; un-critically adopting them will lead to institutionalized biases, diminished employee dignity and degradation of the relational core of human resource management. Therefore, the report advocates for a human-centered augmented intelligence approach to HR where ethical principles are embedded within system design and human discretion is preserved. Finally, the report outlines a forward-looking research agenda centered around explainable AI, algorithmic literacy among HR professionals and co-design of analytics systems by employees.
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