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Latest Article
Empowerment of Persons with Disability: A Case Study of Female Wheelch...
0

Thaim Saidu Kargbo*1, Morrison K Lahai2, Victor T S Kabba3
1*M.Phil Candidate, Institute of Geography and Development Studies, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, 2-3Institute of Geography and Development Studies, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University
9-19
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJAHSS.v3.i9.0265

This study examined the “The Empowerment of Persons with Physical Disability: A Case Study of Female Wheelchair Users in Central Freetown”, Sierra Leone. Guided by the social model of disability and the capability approach, it pursued four objectives: to describe the socio-economic and demographic profile of these women, to assess their access to livelihood skills opportunities, to identify the factors associated with that access, and to examine the challenges to their empowerment. A mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative data were gathered through a structured survey of 104 female wheelchair users and analysed in the R statistical environment using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, non-parametric comparisons, and binary logistic regression. Qualitative data were gathered through key informant guide with seven purposively selected key informants and analysed thematically, then triangulated with the survey results. The findings describe a group of prime working-age women, most of them polio survivors with primary schooling or less, who are almost entirely outside formal employment and survive through trading and begging. Although awareness of opportunities was high, only a little over half had tried to access training, and the leading barriers were admission requirements and fees rather than physical inaccessibility. In the regression, the possession of a livelihood skill was the strongest independent predictor of trying to access training, with an odds ratio of 11.86, while age, education, and family size were not significant. The study concludes that empowerment for this group, through funded, accessible, and enforced support, into genuine self-reliance. It recommends at policy level, include the position papers of disabled persons' organisations in national planning and in any revision of the Constitution, adopt compulsory free education for persons with disability at every level, promote economic empowerment and psychosocial support, enforcement of the Persons with Disability Act 2011.
Examining the Quality of the Arabic Subtitles of Legal Terms: A Corpus...
0

Mohammed Kasmi*
Laboratory of Applied Communication, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco
1-8
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJAHSS.v3.i9.0266

One of the most challenging tasks in specialized audiovisual translation (AVT) is the translation of legal terms from English into Arabic. The subtitling of these terms poses many challenges, mainly because of being domain-bound and culture-specific. The time and space limitations of subtitling exacerbate these challenges. The aim of this study is to analyze the Arabic official subtitles of the American legal drama series Suits (USA Network, 2011-2019) produced and written by Aaron Korsh using an evaluative corpus-based approach. A purposive corpus of 60 legal terms was collected from all nine seasons and compared systematically with the Arabic subtitle terms. Thematic categorization was done for each term, and analysis of the terms was carried out using the eclectic framework that combines Baker's (1992) equivalence translation strategies and Pedersen's (2017) FAR quality-assessment model. The results show that the successful strategies are official equivalent (40%) and functional equivalent (21.7%), which together account for (61.7%) of all translatorial decisions and have the highest FAR quality scores. Paraphrasing (33.3%) is functionally adequate, but violates terminological precision or register faithfulness. Literal translation (3.3%) results in conceptual distortion and unnatural renderings of the target text. Literal translation with gloss (1.7%) is another strategy that foreignizes the source text legal terms, but contributes to incomprehension on the part of the Arab viewer. Three persistent problems emerge in this study: (1) the common-law/civil-law gap in the legal systems between the United States and the Arab world; (2) the diglossic gap between English and Arabic; and (3) the constraints that subtitling imposes, both spatial and temporal, resulting in lexical compression of multi-word legal units.
Evaluation of dosimetric indicators of routine CT scan examinations in...
5

Yene Zang Bernard Severin*, Bikoy Emmanuel Junior, Doudou Nafissatou, Ngadang Fosso Catherine Ingrid
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Green Hope University / Ngaoundéré Military Hospital, Cameroon
1-4
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22667700

Radiation protection aims at an appropriate level of protection for patients, staff, populations and the environment against the adverse effects of exposure to ionizing radiation without unnecessarily limiting desirable activities that can be associated with this exposure. Objective: Evaluate the doses delivered to adult patients during routine cerebral, thoracic, abdominal and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations performed in two health facilities in the city of Yaoundé. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted over six months, from March to August 2025, in two healthcare facilities in Yaoundé. The records of adult patients aged 18 years and older who underwent cerebral, thoracic, abdominal, or abdominopelvic CT scans, with or without contrast injection, were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, technical, and dosimetric data were collected from registries and patient records and then analyzed using SPSS version 20. The main dosimetric indicators studied were CTDIvol and the dose-length product (DLP). Results: The sample comprised 111 examinations: 76 brain CT scans (68.5%), 16 chest CT scans (14.4%), 13 abdominal CT scans (11.7%), and 6 abdominopelvic CT scans (5.4%). Men represented 65.7% of the patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9. The mean age was 45 years. The median CTDIvol was 24.75 mGy for brain CT, 11.2 mGy for chest CT, 13.6 mGy for abdominal CT, and 10.8 mGy for abdominopelvic CT. The 75th percentiles of CTDIvol were 42.15 mGy, 14.95 mGy, 37.56 mGy, and 25.22 mGy, respectively. The 75th percentiles of DLP were respectively 837, 15, 512, 65, 1808.9 and 1017.2 mGy•cm. Conclusion: The observed dose levels varied depending on the type of examination and the imaging center. Cerebral values were lower than several international reference values, while thoracic, abdominal, and abdominopelvic values were higher according to the reference values considered. The establishment of national diagnostic reference levels, combined with regular audits and the optimization of acquisition protocols, appears necessary to strengthen patient radiation protection in Cameroon.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence and IoT for Precision Farming: A R...
6

G. Swetha*1, Prof. T. Anuradha2
1*-2Department of Computer Science & Technology, Dravidan University, Kuppam
1-13
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJMS.v3.i9.0186

Agriculture 4.0 marks a decisive shift from mechanized and chemically intensive farming toward a data-driven, automated, and connected model of food production. At the center of this shift lies the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which together allow farms to sense, interpret, and act on field conditions with a precision that manual methods cannot match. This review synthesizes the current body of literature on AI-IoT integration in precision farming, covering the core enabling technologies — smart sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), geographic information systems (GIS), edge and cloud computing, and block chain-based traceability — and the layered architecture through which they combine into functioning smart-farming systems. Drawing on peer-reviewed studies published largely between 2019 and 2025, the review examines representative applications in smart irrigation, crop-disease detection, yield prediction, and supply-chain traceability, consolidates the recurring barriers reported across this literature, and provides a detailed, yearordered comparison of technique, dataset, performance metrics, and reported limitations across ten representative studies. The review concludes by outlining research gaps — particularly around affordable edge-AI models, interoperable data standards, and region-specific validation in smallholder contexts such as India — that merit attention in future work.
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