ANTICOCCIDIAL EFFICACY OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA DEL. METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS MAJOR FRACTIONS AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL EIMERIA TENELLA CHALLENGE IN BROILER CHICKENS
Sr No:
Page No:
5-13
Language:
English
Authors:
Markus Bukar Biallah*, Oluyinka Oluseyi Okubanjo, Paul Ayuba Abdu, David Omagbe Oshadu, Paul Davou Kaze , Goni Abraham Dogo
Received:
2025-05-12
Accepted:
2025-05-27
Published Date:
2025-05-31
Abstract:
Coccididiosis is responsible for significant production losses due to mortality and
weight loss in chickens. The traditional control using chemotherapy and vaccinations has
suffered setbacks, prompting the search for alternative measures. Plant preparations are being
researched for alternative and sustainable control methods of. Some trials have been conducted
on the efficacy of some herbal products, and many have shown measurable efficacy in the
prevention of coccidiosis. Plants of the genus Vernonia are widely used in ethnomedicine and
ethnoveterinary practice. There are documents on the antiparasitic efficacy of Vernonia
amygdalina extracts, especially in the control of apicomplexan protozoa. In this study, the
protective efficacy V. amygdalina and its fractions was evaluated based on clinical signs,
mortality, faecal and caecal scores, faecal oocyst output, and production performance against
the standard treatment with amprolium. The experiment was carried out in a randomized
complete block design where 210 broilers with similar body weight were assigned to seven
experimental groups designated A-G, represented by two replicates of 15 birds each, and
100,000 of sporulated oocysts were administered per os on the 21 d of age except group A
which served as negative control. Groups B and C, treated with normal saline and amprolium
125 mg/kg, served as positive (PC) and standard controls (SC), respectively. Birds were treated
with methanolic extract (group D) 1,000 mg/kg; hexane, aqueous, and butanol fractions (groups
E-G, respectively) at 500 mg/kg each, from 1 day before infection through 5 day post-infection
(pi). All treatments were administered per os. It was observed that all treatments demonstrated
good anticoccidial efficacy in the experimental chickens. There was a reduction in the severity
of the clinical signs associated with coccidiosis in birds treated with methanolic extracts and
their fractions (groups D-G). The methanolic extracts and their fractions prevented mortality
(0%) compared with that (33.3%) recorded in the group administered with placebo (group B).
Faecal score drastically reduced in birds treated with methanolic extract and its fractions, with
the butanol fraction recording the lowest (1.00) by 6 dpi. By the end of the experiment, faecal
scores returned to normal except for the positive control group. Caeca lesion score was
significantly (p<0.05) higher in the PC group (3.00) and lowest in the methanolic extract and
butanol fraction groups (1.00). Oocyst output (oocyst per gram of faeces, opg) was significantly
high (p<0.05) in chickens treated with butanol fractions (763 opg) compared with the positive
control group (125,213 opg). Additionally, feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio
in chickens treated with methanolic extracts and their fractions were significantly better than the
PC group by the end of the experiment. It can therefore be concluded that methanolic extract of
Vernonia amygdalina and its fractions have profound anticoccidial activities in broiler chicken
experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella.
Keywords:
Vernonia amygdalina, leaf extract, Eimeria tenella, anticoccidial, broiler chicken