Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver inflammation and remains a significant global health challenge. The infection can manifest as either acute or chronic disease, leading to severe complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV is transmitted through exposure to infected blood and body fluids, sexual contact, and vertical transmission from mother to child. Despite global control efforts, the disease burden remains disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries. In Cameroon, HBV prevalence exhibits substantial geographic and demographic variability, underscoring the need for context-specific epidemiological studies and tailored public health strategies to mitigate transmission and improve disease management. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the Seroprevalence and risk factors of viral hepatitis B infection among students at the University of Bamenda in order to intensify awareness, preventive measures and the need of proper immunization Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Bamenda, located in the North West Region of Cameroon. A total of 200 students were enrolled. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential transmission modes were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Rapid diagnostic tests were employed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in each participant. Furthermore, Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 in order to determine seroprevalence and to assess associations between infection and selected risk factors. Results: Of the 200 participants sampled, females recorded the highest prevalence of HBV infection (7.6%), while the highest infection rate by age group was observed among students aged 30 years and above (10.2%). The Faculty of Science (FS) exhibited the highest institutional prevalence (22.2%). Infection was more common among single (7.7%) and Christian (7.6%) participants. Homosexuality was the only risk factor significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. However, elevated prevalence rates were also observed among participants with a history of blood transfusion, unprotected sexual activity, sharing of fomites, longer campus stay, and limited knowledge about HBV Conclusion: This study found the seroprevalence of HBV infection among students of the University of Bamenda to be 7.7%, suggesting that the infection is highly endemic in this population according to WHO standards. These findings highlight the urgent need for intensified awareness campaigns, routine screening, and vaccination programs among students to enhance HBV prevention and control in university and community settings.