The inconsistent empirical evidence on whether sustainability disclosure enhances financial performance, particularly in environmentally sensitive sectors of emerging economies, remains unresolved. This study examined the effect of environmental, economic, governance, and social sustainability disclosures on the financial performance of quoted oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and employed panel data analysis covering the selected firms over the study period. Data were sourced from published annual reports and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and panel regression techniques. The Hausman specification test guided the choice of the random effects model, while diagnostic tests including Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and Breusch– Pagan test were conducted to ensure model robustness. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability disclosure, economic sustainability disclosure, governance sustainability disclosure, and social sustainability disclosure did not exert statistically significant effects on Return on Assets (ROA). The results suggest that sustainability disclosure practices in the Nigerian oil and gas sector do not significantly influence short-term accountingbased financial performance. The study concludes that sustainability disclosure in the sector appears to be driven more by legitimacy and compliance considerations than by immediate profitability motives. It recommends stronger regulatory frameworks, improved quality and depth of sustainability reporting, and strategic integration of sustainability initiatives into corporate decision-making processes to enhance long-term value creation.