The urine of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) holds a significant place in traditional medicine across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, with historical applications spanning dermatological, infectious, gastrointestinal ailments, and notably, cancer. Despite its longstanding ethnopharmacological use, the detailed chemical composition underpinning its purported bioactivity remains poorly characterized, hindering scientific validation and standardization. Aim of the study: This study aimed to perform a comprehensive, high-resolution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of camel urine concentrate (CUC) to establish its volatile and semi-volatile metabolomic profile, identify potential bioactive constituents, and provide a chemical basis for its traditional medicinal uses. Materials and methods: Fresh urine was aseptically collected from six healthy male dromedary camels in Sokoto, Nigeria, pooled, and concentrated via gentle dehydration. The resulting semi-solid concentrate was subjected to solvent extraction (n-hexane/diethyl ether). The derivatized extract was analyzed using GC-MS with a 30 m capillary column and a mass range of m/z 50–550. Compound identification was achieved by comparing mass spectra with the NIST14 library and literature data. Results: The GC-MS analysis identified and characterized 40 distinct volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. The metabolome was dominated by lipid-derived compounds, with fatty acid esters constituting the most abundant class. Dodecanoic acid esters were the predominant components, accounting for approximately 10.48% of the total ion chromatogram area. Other significant bioactive compounds identified included the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid (0.37%), saturated fatty acids n-hexadecanoic acid (0.07%) and octadecanoic acid (0.06%), and the monoterpenoid isopulegol (0.19%). The profile also featured aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolics, and nitrogenous compounds. The chemical diversity observed aligns with the unique renal physiology and water conservation adaptations of the camel. Conclusion: This study presents the first detailed, high-resolution GC-MS profile of concentrated camel urine, revealing a complex and unique metabolome rich in compounds with established pharmacological potential. The identification of fatty acid esters, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds provides a tangible chemical scaffold to explain the broad-spectrum ethnopharmacological claims associated with camel urine, particularly its anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory uses. This chemical blueprint is essential for future standardization, quality control, and bioactivity-guided isolation studies.