International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Issue-3(March), Volume-2 2025

1. Teaching Students Artificial Intelligence Tools Required for Digital E...
18

Philip Festus Ukata, PhD* ,Dr....
Department of Office Technology and Management,School of Business and Administrative Studies,Captain Elechi Amadi Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port – Harcourt, Rivers State.
1-8
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14955103

This study investigated teaching students artificial intelligence tools required for digital entrepreneurship to acquire decent employments in selected Rivers State tertiary institutions. Two research questions guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested. The study design used was a descriptive survey. There were 123 lecturers in the population, hence a census survey sampling was used. Three professionals validated the data gathering questionnaire, which had four response possibilities. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the instrument's reliability, and the results showed coefficients of 0.76 and 0.75. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the two research questions and measure the spread in respondents` opinions, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that those AI tools to teach students are very highly required for digital entrepreneurship activities and shown very highly, how digital entrepreneurship learned via AI tools will lead to decent emploments. Consequently, it was concluded that if AI tools are included in the curriculum, it will transform the programme positively, lead to AI skills development and enable the students to engage in digital entrepreneurship activities to create decent employments. Among other things, it was recommended that AI tools should be included in office information management, business education and entrepreneurship curricula through yearly internal curriculum review by lecturers in collaboration with their institutions and five years national review by all levels of government.

2. EXPLORING INNOVATIONS IN CRIME PREVENTION AND POLICING
10

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
9-16
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970235

Considering the ethical ramifications and societal impact, the paper seeks to critically examine the potential of novel ideas and technology in enhancing crime prevention and policing strategies. The goals were Determine and investigate the numerous cutting-edge tools and techniques being used in law enforcement and crime prevention. Examine how well these solutions have worked to lower crime rates and improve public safety. Examine the moral issues that arise from using these advances, including potential abuse, algorithmic bias, and privacy problems. Analyze how these advancements affect communities and police-public interactions from a sociological perspective. Provide suggestions for the morally and responsibly used application of cutting-edge techniques in law enforcement and crime prevention. What are the most significant and promising ideas being created or implemented in crime prevention and policing today? was the central study topic. How much do these advances add to the improvement of public safety and the decline in crime rates? What ethical issues are raised by using these advancements, and how may they be resolved? What possible effects might these developments have on society and the community? How do we make sure that novel ideas are implemented in a way that respects human rights and is just and equal? To investigate the theoretical foundations, current research findings, and continuing controversies around the selected technologies, a thorough assessment of academic literature, research reports, and policy papers has been done. Anticipated Results: The goal of this study is to provide a thorough review of how developing technology affect police and crime prevention. The results will: Offer perceptions on how well these technologies might work to lower crime. Analyze the moral implications of their application critically. Examine the social effects on public relations for law enforcement and communities. Make suggestions on how to use these technologies in a morally and responsibly manner that respects human rights and builds trust.

3. ADVANCING STRATEGIES IN POLICING AND CRIME PREVENTION
9

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
17-26
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970247

To ensure optimal resource allocation and maximize the impact of crime prevention programs on creating safer communities, it is imperative to evaluate their efficacy. This necessitates a thorough and comprehensive strategy that goes beyond just tracking instantaneous outcomes. The purpose of the article was to evaluate how crime prevention initiatives affected crime rates and associated socioeconomic issues. to assess the financial viability of various crime prevention strategies. to educate practitioners and legislators on the best tactics for lowering crime. The goals were to Create a thorough study plan to assess the success of the program. Compile and evaluate information on program participation, crime rates, and pertinent socioeconomic variables. To determine the financial impact of crime prevention programs, perform cost-benefit assessments. Examine the long-term effects on crime and recidivism of various approaches. Determine the elements that affect whether crime prevention initiatives are successful or unsuccessful. How much do crime prevention initiatives (such those aimed at violent or property crimes) lower crime rates? What are the immediate and long-term effects of crime prevention initiatives on rates of recidivism? Are some strategies for preventing crime more cost-effective than others in terms of reducing crime? What effects do social and economic variables have on how successful crime prevention initiatives are? What unforeseen repercussions might crime prevention methods have, if any? Methods for Evaluating Initiatives in Crime Prevention. A robust methodology is necessary to ensure that programs for preventing crime are correctly evaluated. Perform a literature review that will assist in understanding the body of existing research, identifying any gaps, and developing your research questions. This will be done by using academic journals, papers, and other reliable sources. A thorough framework for conducting research and writing about the creation of digital infrastructure and the future of the digital workforce is provided by this format. Academics and professionals can conduct a thorough assessment that aids in the distribution of resources, the establishment of new programs, and ultimately the building of safer communities by employing this methodology.

4. BEYOND BORDERS: SHARING SOLUTIONS - COMPARATIVE STUDIES AND LESSONS LE...
12

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
27-36
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14990303

The article main goal is to learn from the world community by looking at successful tactics that have been used elsewhere and then using those lessons to develop better methods of police and crime prevention. The purpose of this article is to analyze and contrast the policing and crime prevention techniques used in various nations. The objectives were to determine and evaluate global best practices in law enforcement and crime prevention. to produce suggestions based on the knowledge gained from worldwide best practices for legislators and law enforcement organizations. Finding and evaluating effective methods of police and crime prevention in both developed and developing nations were the goals. Examine and contrast how well-suited various strategies are for dealing with particular crime kinds and societal settings. Examine how social services, technology, and community involvement are incorporated into the crime prevention efforts of other nations. Examine the prospects and obstacles for international cooperation in the exchange of best practices and knowledge in the fields of police and crime prevention. Provide evidence-based suggestions based on global best practices for legislators and law enforcement organizations to enhance their approaches to crime prevention and policing. The objectives of the research questions were to Which policing, and crime prevention strategies are the most successful when applied in various nations throughout the world? What specific crime types and social situations are addressed by various approaches to crime prevention and policing? What part do social programs, technology, and community involvement play in the crime prevention methods of other nations, and how are they implemented differently? What opportunities and obstacles exist for international cooperation in the exchange of best practices and information in the fields of police and crime prevention? What evidence-based suggestions for lawmakers and law enforcement organizations may be made to enhance crime prevention and police techniques based on the examination of global best practices? The paper will make use of comparative studies in police and crime prevention, which call for a strong methodology to guarantee the validity and reliability of results while taking into consideration the inherent difficulties of making comparisons across various country settings. An overview of pertinent methods and sources from the methodological literature is provided below: Case Studies: This comprehensive method enables a thorough analysis of effective policing and crime prevention techniques in certain nations. It entails participant observation, important stakeholder interviews, and historical document analysis. Design and methodology for case study research and application. Sage Books. Comparative-Historical Analysis: This approach looks at how various nations' political systems, social institutions, and historical events have influenced one another. Review of the literature: Secondary Data Analysis For comparison investigations, it can be more affordable to use pre-existing crime data sets, policy documents, and research reports from various nations. Comparability and data quality, however, need to be carefully considered.

5. EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMS
5

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
37-43
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14990318

The essay aim was to assess the impact of a specific crime prevention program on reducing crime rates and improving community safety within a designated area. The objectives were to analyze crime statistics to determine if the program led to a measurable decrease in targeted crimes within the program area. Evaluate the program's influence on public perceptions of safety through surveys or focus groups. Identify any unintended consequences or unforeseen challenges associated with the program's implementation. Compare the program's effectiveness to similar initiatives documented in existing research. The research questions were to Do the crime prevention program lead to a statistically significant reduction in crime rates within the targeted area compared to the pre-program period and a control group (if applicable)? To what extent did the program contribute to a greater sense of safety and security among residents in the program area? Were there any observed negative impacts or unintended consequences associated with the program's implementation? How do the findings from this program evaluation align with the results of existing research on similar crime prevention strategies? The research is expected to reveal whether community policing initiatives are associated with a decrease in youth violence. The findings can inform future program development and resource allocation for law enforcement agencies seeking to address youth violence in their communities.

6. TRUST AND ETHICAL DIGITAL GOVERNANCE FOR THE WORLD WE WANT
3

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
44-54
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14994642

The aim of the article is to explore the critical relationship between trust and ethical governance in building a desirable future for all. The objectives are to analyze the importance of trust in healthy societies and the consequences of its erosion. Examine the challenges and opportunities for ethical governance in a complex world. Highlight key principles and strategies for fostering trust and building ethical governance models. Inspire reflection and action towards realizing a world built on trust and ethical leadership. Understanding the State of Trust and Ethical Governance. Research Questions are to what extent do citizens in different countries trust their governments and institutions? What factors contribute to or erode trust in institutions like government, media, and businesses? How do perceptions of fairness, transparency, and accountability influence trust in governance? How has digital technology impacted trust and ethical governance? What are the generational differences in perceptions of trust and ethical governance? the research will draw upon relevant academic literature, research reports, and policy documents on trust in governance, ethics, and social development. Analyze real-world examples of successful and unsuccessful approaches to building trust and ethical governance. Incorporate diverse perspectives from various regions and stakeholder groups.

7. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIFIC POLICING STRATEGIES IN REDUCING CRIME
1

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
55-63
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14994649

The purpose of the paper was to assess how well some modern policing techniques work to lower crime and improve ties between the police and the community. Problem-Oriented Policing, Targeted Patrols (Hot Spots Policing), and Community Policing were the three main subjects of discussion. The principal claims/discoveries (to be investigated in the study): Community policing has the potential to reduce crime by fostering a relationship of trust and cooperation between the police and the public. might enhance the public's opinion of the police. Targeted Patrols, also known as Hot Spot Policing: A concentrated police presence in high-crime areas helps discourage crime, especially violent and property crimes. could give rise to worries about racial profiling. Problem-Oriented Policing: This strategy can reduce a range of crime categories by addressing the underlying causes of crime. Calls for specialized solutions and indepth analysis, both of which can be resource intensive. Methodology/Approach: Depending on your research design, this may entail a review of the literature on previous studies on these tactics. The Importance and Consequences: This study can provide law enforcement and legislators with information about the best ways to lower crime rates and foster community trust. It may aid in the creation of evidence-based police techniques. The target audience for this study would be legislators and law enforcement organizations. criminal justice scholars and researchers. The people worried about safety and crime, as well as community organizations dedicated to preventing crime and improving ties between the police and the community. By focusing on these important issues, this study can offer insightful information about how well certain policing tactics accomplish the twin objectives of reducing crime and fostering good relations between the police and the community.

8. PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO CURB POLICE-RELATED CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
1

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
64-74
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14994651

The goal of the article was to explore theoretical stances that aid in the understanding of police misconduct while also examining the extent and consequences of crime related to police. The goal of the purpose solutions was to strengthen the bonds between the police and the community while also promoting greater transparency and better police tactics. The main points/discoveries: Crime involving police threatens public safety and erodes public trust. The social and cultural elements that already exist play a role in police misbehavior. It takes a multifaceted strategy to combat criminality related to police. Reform requires enhanced training, community involvement, and increased openness. By addressing the underlying causes of crime, police intervention may not be necessary as much. The Approach/Methodology: review of scholarly publications, books, and studies on community policing, police training, and crimes related to the police. examination of pertinent legislative texts and suggested policies. Importance/Repercussions: This essay advances knowledge on police-related crime and its consequences. It provides insightful information to help police leadership and legislators create successful reform plans. It highlights how crucial shared responsibility and community involvement are to creating a more just and equitable society. Researchers and academics with an interest in criminal justice reform make up the audience. Law enforcement personnel and policymakers looking for answers to crimes involving police. Residents worried about public safety and police tactics. The use of excessive force, corruption, and racial profiling are examples of police-related crimes that erode public confidence and disrupt social cohesion. The scope of the problem and its negative consequences are examined in this essay. It investigates the underlying mechanisms that lead to police misbehavior by drawing on theories such as Police Culture Theory, Broken Windows Theory, and Social Control Theory. The study does not, however, only focus on the issues. It employs a multifaceted strategy to investigate potential solutions. An emphasis on addressing the underlying causes of crime through social programs, enhanced officer training emphasizing de-escalation and community participation, and increased openness through body cams and data accessibility are all recognized as critical measures. The importance of shared responsibility for transformation is emphasized in the paper's conclusion. To promote trust, heal communities, and establish a more just and equitable system, police departments, governments, and individuals all have a duty to play.

9. UNTANGLING THE ROOTS OF CRIME: THE POWER OF SOCIAL PROGRAMS, COMMUNITY...
1

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
75-83
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14994655

The study looks at how social programs, community development projects, and socio-emotional learning might help pinpoint the underlying causes of criminal activity. The usefulness of social programs, community development projects, and social-emotional learning in addressing the underlying causes of crime and fostering safer neighborhoods is further examined in the article. The study's goals were to evaluate the body of knowledge regarding social programs and how they affect crime rates. Examine how well community development programs work to promote social cohesiveness and lower risk factors for crime. Examine how social-emotional learning programs help people develop the critical abilities they need to control their emotions, settle disputes amicably, and make wise decisions. Determine any weaknesses and restrictions in the current strategies for addressing the underlying causes of crime. Provide policymakers and community leaders with ideas on how to effectively use social services, community development, and social-emotional learning as all-encompassing crime prevention measures. Which categories of social initiatives have the biggest effects on lowering crime and recidivism rates? was one of the research questions. What is the relationship between safer neighborhoods and community development initiatives like youth involvement programs and economic revitalization projects? Does the inclusion of social-emotional learning in school curricula result in a reduction in juvenile criminal behavior? What are the financial and societal consequences of ignoring the underlying causes of crime as opposed to making investments in deterrents? How can community organizations, legislators, and educational institutions work together to develop a cooperative strategy to successfully execute all-encompassing crime prevention strategies? This study will make use of a literature review. On the following subjects, a thorough assessment of previous studies will be carried out: The effect of different social programs on the rate of crime. The efficiency of community development programs in lowering the risk factors for crime and Role of social-emotional learning in reducing criminal behavior

10. POLICE LEADERSHIP AND PROFESSIONALIZATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE...
7

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
84-96
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15030268

The objective of this research is to identify and analyse the principal difficulties confronting the South African Police Service (SAPS), assess the effects of reform initiatives, and evaluate the influence of good leadership in fostering positive change within the organisation. Primary Subjects: The primary subjects examined encompass corruption, inefficiency, diminished public trust, the effects of leadership development and ethical training programs, community policing efforts, and the importance of accountability and transparency within the SAPS. The research contends that the SAPS has substantial obstacles, including the historical legacies of apartheid, widespread corruption, and a decline in public trust. Effective leadership, along with extensive reform programs emphasising ethical training, community involvement, and technical progress, is essential for enhancing the SAPS's effectiveness and reinstating public trust. This study utilises a systematic literature analysis to analyse current studies, papers, and official statistics, offering a complete picture of the issues and reform initiatives inside the SAPS. The findings of this study had substantial policy implications, including evidence-based suggestions to enhance the efficacy and accountability of the SAPS. It enhances public safety, promotes openness, and informs future policy choices to strengthen the SAPS. This study targets policymakers, law enforcement officials, academics, researchers, and the public who seek to comprehend the issues and reform initiatives inside the South African Police Service. Conclusion: The South African Police Service confronts complex difficulties necessitating ongoing and thorough change. Effective leadership, ethical training, and strong community participation are vital for establishing a competent, accountable, and trustworthy police force. By tackling these concerns, the SAPS can more effectively maintain law and order and improve public safety in South Africa.

11. Evaluating the Potential of a Solitary Enzyme ‘α-amylase’ on Saccharif...
7

Sumit Sarkar, Preeti Kaur, Pra...
Asst. Technical Officer (Project). Chhattisgarh Biofuel Development Authority, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
97- 102
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15043777

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital staple food for over half of the global population, with Chhattisgarh, India, being a significant producer often referred to as the 'Rice Bowl' of the country. Despite its large-scale production, substantial quantities of rice become deteriorated and unfit for human consumption, resulting in considerable waste. This study investigates the conversion of deteriorated rice into bioethanol as a sustainable solution to address both environmental and economic challenges. The process involves starch liquefaction, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. This manuscript focuses on optimizing the use of αamylase, a key enzyme for converting rice starch into fermentable sugars. Three varieties of deteriorated rice were evaluated, with DRS 2 showing the highest starch concentration of 73.61%. Optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined to be 8% α-amylase concentration, pH 6.5, and 90°C, which yielded 79.78% reducing sugars. Subsequent fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a two-stage distillation process produced an ethanol yield of 22.8 grams per 100 grams of deteriorated rice. This study demonstrates that utilizing deteriorated rice for bioethanol production is a viable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. It offers a means to reduce waste, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially boost local economies by providing a renewable energy source.

12. DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION CONTROL CHART...
4

Adegbite, Ismaila Olawale*, Op...
Department of Statistics, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria
103-108
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15049268

This study introduces a novel approach to process monitoring by developing a Coefficient of Variation (CV) control chart based on the percentiles of the Size-Biased Lomax Distribution (SBLD). Traditional control charts, such as Shewhart charts, often assume normality, which may not be suitable for skewed or heavy-tailed data commonly found in realworld processes. The proposed CV control chart leverages the SBLD, a distribution well-suited for modeling skewed data, to provide more accurate and robust monitoring of process variability. The methodology involves deriving the mathematical properties of the SBLD, constructing control limits using percentiles, and validating the chart's performance through simulation studies and real-world applications. Results demonstrate that the SBLD-based CV control chart outperforms traditional methods in detecting process variations, particularly for skewed data. This research contributes to the field of statistical process control by offering a tailored solution for monitoring processes with non-normal data distributions, enhancing quality control practices across various industries.

13. Social Dynamics: Exploring the Structural Barriers to Education for Go...
8

Patricia Iordye, Terfa Jato*
Department of Educational Foundations, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
109-116
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15053119

Africa’s monumental challenges in its quest to reform education systems capable of fostering good governance on the continent appear to be rooted in social dynamics, with an operational centre on economic, cultural and power dynamics. Though recent decades have seen improvements in enrolment rates, issues of quality, relevance and equity are still out there. Conceptually, social dynamics encompass multifaceted sociological elements shaping and directing human behaviour and societal operations. In Africa, economic, cultural and power dynamics interact in ways that minimise educational advancement. Economically, funding shortfalls stymie infrastructure and teacher development, while volatile landscapes constrain skills alignment. Disparities also abound, with poverty exacerbating inequities. Cultural dynamics manifest in diverse cultural values, resistance to Western models and gender disparities. Power dynamics manifest through patrimonial interference by political elites seeking personal agendas, relegating meritocracy. Within educational institutions, administrators and other officials engage in counterproductive power plays. Recommendations include unified educational policies, increased funding, culturally relevant curricula, prioritising girls' education, promoting indigenous languages, ensuring institutional autonomy and evidence-based policymaking.

14. FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SELFRELIANCE AS PANAC...
12

FAKOREDE Olufisayo Olukemi, Dr...
Phd in Business Administration (Entrepreneurship and Human Resource Management), Division of Statistics and Records, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
117-123
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15053088

This study investigates the factors influencing women’s entrepreneurship and selfreliance as a panacea to combating unemployment in Nigeria, focusing on selected entrepreneurs in Ondo State. Through a qualitative research design, the study utilizes interviews and surveys to gather insights from a diverse range of women-led businesses, from small-scale enterprises to larger ventures. Findings reveal that women entrepreneurs encounter significant challenges, such as limited access to finance, inadequate training, and societal barriers. Despite these obstacles, their contributions to job creation and economic development are considerable, with many women entrepreneurs achieving self-reliance and creating employment opportunities within their communities. The study underscores the need for supportive government policies that improve access to funding, training, and resources tailored for women entrepreneurs. Recommendations include establishing microfinance institutions, implementing targeted training programs, and fostering networking opportunities to promote collaboration among women entrepreneurs. Ultimately, this research highlights that empowering woman through entrepreneurship addresses unemployment while promoting economic growth and social development in Nigeria. By presenting successful case studies, the study demonstrates the transformative potential of women’s entrepreneurship in combating unemployment in the region.

15. GREEN WORKLIFE BALANCE AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT OF HEALTHCARE FIRMS IN...
6

URHODE, Ovie Reuben*, Clinton,...
PhD Student, Department of Business Administration, Delta State University, Abraka
124-132
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15094584

The study examined the relationship between green worklife balance and employee commitment of healthcare firms in Ethiope East Local Government Area Delta state, Nigeria. The study employed green flexible work arrangement, green workplace initiatives and green human resource management as measures of green worklife balance. The study sourced for data using primary means via questionnaires distributed to selected respondents. The study was anchored on social exchange theory and the data sourced were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that that green workplace initiatives, green flexible work arrangements, and green human resource management (GHRM) practices significantly influence employee commitment in healthcare firms in Nigeria. Green flexible work arrangements were shown to enhance work-life balance, reducing stress and improving loyalty, while green workplace initiatives fostered alignment between employee values and organizational goals, boosting dedication. GHRM practices, such as sustainable recruitment and training, further reinforced employee commitment by creating a culture of environmental consciousness.





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